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# Network Administration

Administering WAN lines and calls
Managing IP routes and sessions
Monitoring IPX routes and sessions

## Administering WAN lines and calls

The MAX allows you to manage WAN lines, ports, and modems. This section describes how to:

- Disable digital modems and modem slots

- Understand how the MAX routes an incoming call

For reference information about each of the commands described in this section, see the MAX Reference Guide.

### Disabling digital modems and modem slots

You can temporarily disable digital modems or modem slots without disrupting existing connections. This action is called quiescing, and it prepares a modem for maintenance.

Quiescing a modem or modem slot does not result in active calls being torn down. Instead, when active call drops, that modem or modem slot is added to a disabled list and is unavailable for use. If all modems are disabled, incoming callers receive a busy signal until the modems have been restored for service. A quiesced modem is available for use approximately 20 seconds after it has been re-enabled.

To quiesce a modem or modem slot, access the V.34 (V.42) Modem > Modem Diag menu.

To quiesce a modem, use the Modem #N command, where N is the modem number from 1 to 12. You can set one of the following values:

#### Value | #### Result
--- | ---
`enable modem` | Enables disabled modems. This is the default value.
`disable modem` | Places the modem on the disabled list. When an active connection drops, the card becomes available for maintenance.
`enable modem+chan` | Enables the modem and a disabled B channel.
`disable modem+chan` | Places the modem and an arbitrary B channel on disabled lists.

To quiesce a modem slot, use the ModemSlot command. You can set one of the following values:

#### Value | #### Result
--- | ---
`enable slot` | Enables disabled modems on the slot. This is the default value.
`disable slot` | Places all modems that are not active on the disabled list. When the active connections drop, the card becomes available for maintenance.
`enable slot+chan` | Restores the slot card and channels to use. Modems on the selected slot that appear on the disabled list are enabled. For each modem enabled, an out-of-service B channel returns to service.
`disable slot+chan` | Disables all modems on the slot, along with an equal number of B channels.

### Incoming call routing state diagram

The following pages show detailed state information about inbound call routing in the MAX. For more information about any of the parameters, see the MAX Reference Guide.

## Managing IP routes and sessions

This section describes how to monitor TCP/IP/UDP and related information in the terminal-server command-line interface. To invoke the terminal-server interface, select System > Sys Diag > Term Serv and press Enter. The terminal-server command-line prompt appears: `ascend%.`

### Working with the IP routing table

The terminal-server IProute commands display the routing table and enable you to add or delete routes. The changes you make to the routing table by using the IProute command last only until the MAX unit is reset. To display the IProute commands, enter the IP route command with a question mark:

    ascend% iproute ?

    iproute ?              Display help information

    iproute add          iproute add <destination/size> <gateway> [ pref ] [ m

    iproute delete    iproute delete <destination/size> <gateway> [ proto ]

    iproute show        displays IP routes (same as "show ip routes" command)

#### Displaying the routing table

You can use either the IProute Show command or the Show IP Routes command to display the IP routing table: For example:

    ascend% iproute show

    Destination        Gateway        IF       Flg Pref  Met   Use   Age

    0.0.0.0/0          10.0.0.100     wan0     SG   1     1     0     20887

    10.207.76.0/24     10.207.76.1    wanidle0 SG   100   7     0     20887

    10.207.77.0/24     10.207.76.1    wanidle0 SG   100   8     0     20887

    127.0.0.1/32       -              lo0      CP   0     0     0     20887

    10.0.0.0/24        10.0.0.100     wan0     SG   100   1     21387 20887

    10.1.2.0/24        -              ie0      C    0     0     19775 20887

    10.1.2.1/32        -              lo0      CP   0     0     389   20887

    255.255.255.255/32 -              ie0      CP   0     0     0     20887

The output includes the following information:

#### Field | #### Destination
--- | ---
`Destination` | Target address of a route. To send a packet to this address, the MAX uses this route. Note that the router uses the most specific route (having the longest mask) that matches a given destination.
`Gateway` | Address of the next hop router that can forward packets to the given destination. Direct routes (without a gateway) do not show a gateway address in the gateway column.
`IF` | Name of the interface through which a packet addressed to this destination is sent. `ie0`-Ethernet interface `lo0`- Loopback interface `wanN`-Each of the active WAN interfaces `wanidle0`- Inactive interface (the special interface for any route whose WAN connection is down).
`Flg` | Flag values, including the following: `C`- A directly connected route, such as Ethernet `I`-ICMP Redirect dynamic route `N`-Placed in the table via SNMP MIB II `O`-Route learned from OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) `R`-Route learned from RIP `r`-RADIUS route `S`-Static route `?`-Route of unknown origin, which indicates an error `G`-Indirect route via a gateway `P`-Private route `T`-Temporary route `*`-Hidden route that will not be used unless another better route to the same destination goes down
`Pref` | Preference value of the route. Note that all routes that come from RIP have a preference value of 100, while the preference value of each individual static route can be set independently.
`Metric` | RIP-style metric for the route, with a valid range of 0-16. Routes learned from OSPF show a RIP metric of 10. OSPF Cost infinity routes show a RIP metric of 16.
`Use` | Count of the number of times the route was referenced since it was created. (Many of these references are internal, so this is not a count of the number of packets sent over this route.)
`Age` | Age of the route in seconds, used for troubleshooting to determine when routes are changing rapidly or flapping.

Continuing the example, the first route shown is the default route with destination 0.0.0.0/0, defined through the active Connection profile.

    0.0.0.0/0          10.0.0.100     wan0     SG   1     1     0     20887

The IP Route profile for the default route specifies a preference of 1, so this route is preferred over dynamically learned routes. The next route is specified in a Connection profile that is inactive:

    10.207.76.0/24     10.207.76.1    wanidle0 SG   100   7     0     20887

The next route in the table is a static route through an inactive gateway:

    10.207.77.0/24     10.207.76.1    wanidle0 SG   100   8     0     20887

The static route is followed by the loopback route:

    127.0.0.1/32       -              lo0      CP   0     0     0     20887

The loopback route specifies a special address. Packets sent to this special address will be handled internally. The C flag indicates a connected route, while the P flag indicates that the router will not advertise this route.

The next route is specified in a Connection profile that is currently active:

    10.0.0.0/24        10.0.0.100     wan0     SG   100   1     21387 20887

These are routes followed by a connection to the Ethernet interface. It is directly connected, with a preference and metric of zero.

    10.1.2.0/24        -              ie0      C    0     0     19775 20887

The last two routes are a private loopback route and a private route to the broadcast address:

    10.1.2.1/32        -              lo0      CP   0     0     389   20887

    255.255.255.255/32 -              ie0      CP   0     0     0     20887

The private loopback route shown is a host route with the Ethernet address. It is private, so it will not be advertised. The private route to the broadcast address is used in cases in which the router must to broadcast a packet but the route is otherwise unconfigured. It is typically used when the MAX is trying to locate a server on a client machine to handle challenges for a token security card.

#### Adding an IP route

To add to the MAX unit's routing table a static route that will be lost when the MAX resets, enter the IProute Add command in the following format:

    iproute add destination gateway [metric]

where `destination` is the destination network address, `gateway` is the IP address of the router that can forward packets to that network, and `metric` is the virtual hop count to the destination network (default 8). For example, to add a route to the 10.1.2.0 network and all of its subnets through the IP router located at 10.0.0.3/24 with a metric of 1 (the router is one hop away), enter the following command:

    ascend% iproute add 10.1.2.0 10.0.0.3/24 1

If you try to add a route to a destination that already exists in the routing table, the MAX replaces the existing route, but only if it has a higher metric than the new route. If you get the message `Warning: a better route appears to exist`, the MAX has rejected your attempt to add a route because the routing table already contained a route, to the same destination, with a lower metric. Note that RIP updates can change the metric for the route.

#### Deleting an IP route

To remove a route from the MAX unit's routing table, enter the IProute Delete command in the following format:

    iproute delete destination gateway

For example:

    ascend% iproute delete 10.1.2.0 10.0.0.3/24

Note: RIP updates can add back any route you remove with IProute Delete. Also, after a system reset, the MAX restores all routes listed in the Static Route profile.

### Displaying route statistics

The Traceroute command is useful for locating slow routers or diagnosing IP routing problems. It traces the route an IP packet follows by launching UDP probe packets with a low Time-To-Live (TTL) value and then listening for an ICMP time exceeded reply from a router. The Traceroute command uses the following syntax:

    traceroute [-n] [-v] [-m max_ttl][-p port] [-q nqueries]

    [-w waittime] host [datasize]

All flags are optional. The only required parameter is the destination hostname or IP address. The elements of the syntax are as follows:

#### Syntax element | #### Description
`-n` | Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically (this eliminates a name server address-to-name lookup for each gateway found on the path).
`-v` | Verbose output. Lists all received ICMP packets other than Time Exceeded and ICMP Port Unreachable are listed.
`-m` `max_ttl` | Sets the maximum time-to-live (maximum number of hops) for outgoing probe packets. The default is 30 hops.
`-p` `port` | Set the base UDP port number used in probes. Traceroute depends on having nothing listening on any of the UDP ports from the source to the destination host (so that an ICMP Port Unreachable message will be returned to terminate the route tracing). If something is listening on a port in the default range, you can set the `-p` option to specify an unused port range. The default is 33434.
`-q` `nqueries` | Set the maximum number of queries for each hop. The default is 3.
`-w` `waittime` | Set the time to wait for a response to a query. The default is 3 seconds.
`host` | The destination host by name or IP address.
`datasize` | Sets the size of the data field of the UDP probe datagram sent by Traceroute. The default is 0. This results in a datagram size of 38 bytes (a UDP packet carrying no data).

For example, to trace the route to the host `techpubs`:

    ascend% traceroute techpubs

    traceroute to techpubs (10.65.212.19), 30 hops MAX, 0 byte packets

     1  techpubs.eng.ascend.com (10.65.212.19)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms

Probes start with a TTL of one and increase by one until one of the following conditions occurs:

- The MAX receives an ICMP Port Unreachable message.

  The UDP port in the probe packets is set to an unlikely value, such as 33434, because the target host is not intended to process the packets. A "port unreachable" message indicates that the packets reached the target host and were rejected.

- The TTL value reaches the maximum value.

  By default, the maximum TTL is set to 30. You can specify a different TTL by using the `-m` option. For example:

    ascend% traceroute -m 60 techpubs

    traceroute to techpubs (10.65.212.19), 60 hops MAX, 0 byte packets

     1  techpubs.eng.abc.com (10.65.212.19)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms

Three probes are sent at each TTL setting. The second line of command output shows the address of the router and round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from different gateways, the address of each responding system is shown. If there is no response within a three second timeout interval, the command output is an asterisk. The following annotations can appear after the time field in a response:

- `!H`-Host reached.

- `!N`-Network unreachable.

- `!P`-Protocol unreachable.

- `!S`-Source route failed. Might indicate a problem with the associated device.

- `!F`-Fragmentation needed. Might indicate a problem with the associated device.

- `!h`-Communication with the host is prohibited by filtering.

- `!n`-Communication with the network is prohibited by filtering.

- `!c`-Communication is otherwise prohibited by filtering.

- `!?`-ICMP subcode detected. This event should not occur.

- `!??`-Reply received with inappropriate type. This event should not occur.

### Pinging other IP hosts

The terminal-server Ping command is useful for verifying that the transmission path is open between the MAX and another station. It sends an ICMP echo-request packet to the specified station. If the station receives the packet, it returns an ICMP echo-response packet. The Ping command has the following syntax:

    ping [-q] [-v] [-c count] [-i sec | -I msec] [-s packetsize]

    [-x src_address] host

All flags are optional. The only required parameter is the destination hostname or IP address. The elements of the syntax are as follows:

#### Syntax element | #### Description
`-q` | Quiet mode. The MAX displays only the summary of all Ping responses it has received.
`-v` | Verbose output. The MAX displays information from each ping response that it receives as well as the summary of all Ping responses. This is the default.
`-c` `count` | Specifies the number of Ping requests that the MAX sends to the host. By default, the MAX sends continual ping requests until you press Ctrl-C.
`-i` `sec` | Specifies the length of time, in seconds, between Ping requests. You can specify seconds, using the `-i` option, or milliseconds, using the `-I` option, but not both. The default is one second.
`-I` `msec` | Specifies the length of time, in milliseconds, between Ping requests. You can specify milliseconds, using the `-I` option, or seconds, using the `-i` option, but not both.
`-s` `packetsize` | Specifies the size of each Ping request packet that the MAX sends to the host. The default is 64 bytes.
`-x` srcaddress | Specifies a source IP address that overwrites the default source address.
`host` | The destination host by name or IP address.

For example, to Ping the host`techpubs`:

    ascend% ping techpubs

    PING techpubs (10.65.212.19): 56 data bytes

    64 bytes from 10.65.212.19: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0 ms

    64 bytes from 10.65.212.19: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0 ms

    ^C

    --- techpubs ping statistics ---

    2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/MAX = 0/0/0 ms

You can terminate the Ping exchange at any time by pressing Ctrl-C. When you press Ctrl-C, the command reports the number of packets sent and received, the percentage of packet loss, any duplicate or damaged echo-response packets, and round-trip statistics. In some cases, round-trip times cannot be calculated.

During the Ping exchange, the MAX displays information about the packet exchange, including the Time-To-Live (TTL) of each ICMP echo-response packet.

Note: The maximum TTL for ICMP Ping is 255, and the maximum TTL for TCP is often 60 or lower, so you might be able to Ping a host but not be able to run a TCP application (such as Telnet or FTP) to that station. If you Ping a host running a version of Berkeley UNIX earlier than 4.3BSD-Tahoe, the TTL report is 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path. If you Ping a host running the current version of Berkeley UNIX, the TTL report is 255 minus the number of routers in the path from the remote system to the station performing the Ping.

The Ping command sends an ICMP Mandatory echo-request datagram, which asks the remote station "Are you there?" If the echo-request reaches the remote station, the station sends back an ICMP echo-response datagram, which tells the sender "Yes, I am alive." This exchange verifies that the transmission path is open between the MAX and a remote station.

### Configuring the DNS Fallback Table

The local DNS table provides a list of IP addresses for a specific host name when the remote DNS server fails to resolve the host name. If the local DNS table contains the host name for the attempted connection, it provides the list of IP addresses.

You create the DNS table from the Ethernet > Mod Config > DNS menu by entering up to eight host names. Enter the IP addresses for each host through the terminal-server interface. You can configure a maximum of 35 IP addresses for each host. If you specify automatic updating, you only have to enter the first IP address of each host. Additional IP addresses are added automatically.

Automatic updating replaces the existing address list for a host each time the remote DNS server succeeds in resolving a connection to a host that is in the table. You specify how many of the addresses returned by the remote server can be included in the new list.

On the MAX, the table, which you display from the terminal-server interface, provides additional information for each table entry. The information is in the following two fields, which are updated when the system matches the table entry with a host name that was not found by the remote server:

- # Reads (the number of reads since entry was created). This field is updated each time a local name query match is found in the local DNS table.

- Time of Last Read

You can use the terminal-server command ``Show Dnstab to check the list of host names and IP addresses in the table. Figure 5-1 shows an example of a DNS table on a MAX.

Figure 5-1. Example of a local DNS table

### Displaying IP routing and related information

The following Show commands for monitoring IP routing and related protocols are described in this section:

    show arp		Display the Arp Cache

    show icmp		Display ICMP information

    show if	Display Interface info. Type 'show if ?' for help.

    show ip	Display IP information. Type 'show ip ?' for help.

    show udp	Display UDP information. Type 'show udp ?' for help.

    show tcp	Display TCP information. Type 'show tcp ?' for help.

    show pools	Display the assign address pools.

#### Displaying the ARP cache

To display the ARP cache, enter the Show ARP command. For example:

    ascend% show arp

    entry typ ip address      ether addr    if rtr pkt   insert

        0 DYN 10.65.212.199  00C07B605C07   0   0   0   857783

        1 DYN 10.65.212.91   0080C7C4CB80   0   0   0   857866

        2 DYN 10.65.212.22   080020792B4C   0   0   0   857937

        3 DYN 10.65.212.3    0000813DF048   0   0   0   857566

        4 DYN 10.65.212.250  0020AFF80F1D   0   0   0   857883

        5 DYN 10.65.212.16   0020AFEC0AFB   0   0   0   857861

        6 DYN 10.65.212.227  00C07B5F14B6   0   0   0   857479

        7 DYN 10.65.212.36   00C07B5E9AA5   0   0   0   857602

        8 DYN 10.65.212.71   0080C730041F   0   0   0   857721

        9 DYN 10.65.212.5    0003C6010512   0   0   0   857602

       10 DYN 10.65.212.241  0080C72ED212   0   0   0   857781

       11 DYN 10.65.212.120  0080C7152582   0   0   0   857604

       12 DYN 10.65.212.156  0080A30ECE6D   0   0   0   857901

       13 DYN 10.65.212.100  00C07B60E28D   0   0   0   857934

       14 DYN 10.65.212.1    00000C065D27   0   0   0   857854

       15 DYN 10.65.212.102  08000716C449   0   0   0   857724

       16 DYN 10.65.212.33   00A024AA0283   0   0   0   857699

       17 DYN 10.65.212.96   0080C7301792   0   0   0   857757

       18 DYN 10.65.212.121  0080C79BF681   0   0   0   857848

       19 DYN 10.65.212.89   00A024A9FB99   0   0   0   857790

       20 DYN 10.65.212.26   00A024A8122C   0   0   0   857861

       21 DYN 10.65.212.6    0800207956A2   0   0   0   857918

       22 DYN 10.65.212.191  0080C75BE778   0   0   0   857918

       23 DYN 10.65.212.116  0080C72F66CC   0   0   0   857416

       24 DYN 10.65.212.87   0000813606A0   0   0   0   857666

       25 DYN 10.65.212.235  00C07B76D119   0   0   0   857708

       26 DYN 10.65.212.19   08002075806B   0   0   0   857929

The ARP table displays the following information:

- `entry`-A unique identifier for each ARP table entry.

- `typ`-How the address was learned, dynamically (DYN) or statically (STAT).

- `ip address`-The address contained in ARP requests.

- `ether addr`-The MAC address of the host with that IP address.

- `if`-The interface on which the MAX received the ARP request.

- `rtr`-The next-hop router on the specified interface.

#### Displaying ICMP packet statistics

To display the number of ICMP packets received intact, received with errors, and transmitted, enter the `Show icmp` command. For example:

    ascend% show icmp

    3857661 packet received.

    20 packets received with errors.

       Input histogram: 15070

    2758129 packets transmitted.

    0 packets transmitted due to lack of resources.

       Output histogram: 15218

The Input and Output histograms show the number of ICMP packets received and transmitted, respectively.

#### Displaying interface statistics

To display the supported interface-statistics commands, enter the Show IF command with a question mark. For example:

    ascend% show if ?

    show if ?		Display help information

    show if stats		Display Interface Statistics

    show if totals		Display Interface Total counts

To display the status and packet count of each active WAN link and of local and loopback interfaces, enter the Show IF Stats command. For example:

    ascend% show if stats

    Interface    Name    Status  Type     Speed    MTU   InPackets Outpacket

    ie0        ethernet    Up    6     10000000   1500     107385     85384

    wan0                 Down    1            0   1500      0         0

    wan1                 Down    1            0   1500      0         0

    wan2                 Down    1            0   1500      0         0

    wanidle0               Up    6     10000000   1500      0         0

    lo0       loopback     Up   24     10000000   1500      0         0

The output contains the following fields:

#### Field | #### Description
--- | ---
Interface | Interface name. For more information, see the Network Configuration Guide for your MAX.
Name | Name of the profile or a text name for the interface.
Status | Up (the interface is functional) or Down (the interface is not functional).
Type | Type of application being used on the interface, as specified in RFC 1213 (MIB-2). For example, 23 indicates PPP and 28 indicates SLIP.
Speed | Data rate in bits per second.
MTU | The maximum packet size allowed on the interface. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission Unit.
InPackets | The number of packets the interface has received.
OutPackets | The number of packets the interface has transmitted.

To display the packet count at each interface, broken down by type of packet, enter the Show If Totals command. For example:

    ascend% show if totals

    Name  --Octets----Ucast-- -NonUcast- Discard -Error- Unknown -Same IF-

    ie0  i:   7813606   85121     22383       0        0       0        0

         o: 101529978   85306       149       0        0       0        0

    wan0 i:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

         o:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

    wan1 i:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

         o:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

    wan2 i:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

         o:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

    wanidle0 i:     0       0         0       0        0       0        0

             o:     0       0         0       0        0       0        0

    lo0  i:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

         o:         0       0         0       0        0       0        0

The output contains the following fields:

#### Field | #### Description
--- | ---
`Name` | Interface name. For more information, see the `Network Configuration Guide` for your MAX.
`Octets` | Total number of bytes processed by the interface.
`Ucast` | Packets with a unicast destination address.
`NonUcast` | Packets with a multicast address or a broadcast address.
`Discard` | Number of packets that the interface could not process.
`Error` | Number of packets with CRC errors, header errors, or collisions.
`Unknown` | Number of packets the MAX forwarded across all bridged interfaces because of unknown or unlearned destinations.
`Same IF` | Number of bridged packets whose destination is the same as the source.

#### Displaying IP statistics and addresses

To display the IP statistics and addresses supported commands, enter the Show IP command with a question mark:

    ascend% show ip ?

    show ip ?           Display help information

    show ip stats       Display IP Statistics

    show ip address     Display IP Address Assignments

    show ip routes      Display IP Routes

Note: For information about the Show IP Routes command, see "Working with the IP routing table" on page 5-5.

To display statistics on IP activity, including the number of IP packets the MAX has received and transmitted, enter the Show IP Stats command. For example:

    ascend% show ip stats

    107408 packets received.

         0 packets received with header errors.

         0 packets received with address errors.

         0 packets forwarded.

         0 packets received with unknown protocols.

         0 inbound packets discarded.

    107408 packets delivered to upper layers.

     85421 transmit requests.

         0 discarded transmit packets.

         1 outbound packets with no route.

         0 reassembly timeouts.

         0 reassemblies required.

         0 reassemblies that went OK.

         0 reassemblies that Failed.

         0 packets fragmented OK.

         0 fragmentations that failed.

         0 fragment packets created.

         0 route discards due to lack of memory.

         64 default ttl.

To display IP interface address information, enter the Show IP Address command. For example:

    ascend% show ip address

    Interface   IP Address    Dest Address   Netmask         MTU     Status

    ie0         10.2.3.4      N/A            255.255.255.224   1500      Up

    wan0        0.0.0.0       N/A            0.0.0.0           1500    Down

    wan1        13.1.2.0      13.1.2.128     255.255.255.248   1500    Down

    wan2        0.0.0.0       N/A            0.0.0.0           1500    Down

    wan3        0.0.0.0       N/A            0.0.0.0           1500    Down

    lo0         127.0.0.1     N/A            255.255.255.255   1500      Up

    rj0         127.0.0.2     N/A            255.255.255.255   1500      Up

    bh0         127.0.0.3     N/A            255.255.255.255   1500      Up

#### Displaying UDP statistics and listen table

To display the supported UDP-statistics commands, enter the Show UDP command with a question mark:

    ascend% show udp ?

    show udp ?          Display help information

    show udp stats      Display UDP Statistics

    show udp listen     Display UDP Listen Table

To display the number of UDP packets received and transmitted, enter the Show UDP Stats command. For example:

    ascend% show udp stats

    22386 packets received.

        0 packets received with no ports.

        0 packets received with errors.

        0 packets dropped

        9 packets transmitted.

The Show Udp Listen command displays the socket number, UDP port number and the number of packets queued for each UDP port on which the MAX is currently listening. The command's output also includes the following fields:

#### Field | #### Description
--- | ---
`InQMax` | Maximum number of queued UDP packets on the socket. (See Queue Depth and Rip Queue Depth parameters.)
`InQLen` | Current number of queued packets on the socket.
`InQDrops` | Number of packets discarded because it would cause InQLen to exceed InQMax.
`Total Rx` | Total number of packets received on the socket, including InQDrops.

For example:

    ascend% show udp listen

    udp:

    Socket Local Port InQLen InQMax    InQDrops    Total Rx

    0	1023	0	1	0	0

    1	520	0	50	0	532

    2	7 	0	32	0	0

    3 	123	0	32	0	0

    4 	1022	0	128	0	0

    5	161	0	64	0	0

#### Displaying TCP statistics and connections

To display the supported TCP-statistics commands, enter the Show TCP command with a question mark:

    ascend% show tcp ?

    show tcp ?          Display help information

    show tcp stats      Display TCP Statistics

    show tcp connection Display TCP Connection Table

To display the number of TCP packets received and transmitted, enter the Show TCP Stats command. For example:

    ascend% show tcp stats

         0 active opens.

        11 passive opens.

         1 connect attempts failed.

         1 connections were reset.

         3 connections currently established.

     85262 segments received.

     85598 segments transmitted.

       559 segments re-transmitted.

An active open is a TCP session that the MAX initiated, and a passive open is a TCP session that the MAX did not initiate.

To display current TCP sessions:

    ascend% show tcp connection

    Socket       Local               Remote                         State

    0            *.23                *.*                           LISTEN

    1            10.2.3.23           15.5.248.121.15003       ESTABLISHED

#### Displaying address pool status

To view the status of the MAX unit's IP address pool:

    ascend% show pools

    Pool #         Base        Count              InUse

    1              10.98.1.2     55               27

    2              10.5.6.1     128               0

       Number of remaining allocated addresses: 0

If you change an address pool while users are still logged in using the addresses from the previous pool, `Number of remaining allocated addresses` reflects how many users are currently using addresses from the previous pool. Typically, the value is 0 (zero).

## Monitoring IPX routes and sessions

Show commands for monitoring IPX connections in the MAX are available at the terminal-server command-line interface. To open the terminal-server interface select System > Sys Diag > Term Serv and press Enter.

### Verifying the transmission path to NetWare stations

The IPXping command provides network layer verification of the transmission path to NetWare stations. The command works on the same LAN as the MAX or across a WAN connection that has IPX Routing enabled. Following is the command's syntax:

    ipxping [-c count] [-i delay] [-s packetsize] hostname

where:

#### Option | #### Description
--- | ---
`hostname` | The IPX address of the host, or if the host is a NetWare server, its advertised name.
`-c` `count` | Stop the test after sending and receiving the number of packets specified by `count`.
`-i` `delay` | Wait the number of seconds specified by `delay` before sending the next packet. The default is for one second.
`-s` `packet-size` | Send the number of data bytes specified by `packet-size`.

You can specify `hostname` as is either the IPX address of the NetWare workstation or the advertised name of a server. The IPX address consists of the IPX network and node numbers for a station. For example:

    ascend% ipxping CFFF1234:000000000001

If you are using the IPXping command to verify connectivity with an advertised NetWare server, you can simply enter the symbolic name of the server. For example:

    ascend% ipxping server-1

You can terminate the IPXping command at any time by pressing Ctrl-C.

During the IPXping exchange, the MAX calculates and reports the following statistics:

    PING server-1 (EE000001:000000000001): 12 data bytes

    52 bytes from (EE000001:000000000001): ping_id=0 time=0ms

    52 bytes from (EE000001:000000000001): ping_id=1 time=0ms

    52 bytes from (EE000001:000000000001): ping_id=2 time=0ms

    ?

    --- novl1 Ping statistics ---

    3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/MAX = 0/0/0 ms

These statistics include the following information:

- The IPX address of the source and destination nodes.

- The byte counts of the request and response packets.

- The ping ID of the command. (The ping Request # replied to by target host.)

- The number of milliseconds required to send the IPXping and receive a response.

- The number of packets transmitted and received.

- Duplicate or damaged packets, if applicable.

- Average round-trip times for the ping request and reply. In some cases, round-trip times cannot be calculated.

To display statistics related to the IPXping command, enter the Show Netware Pings command. For example:

    ascend% show netware pings

    InPing Requests/OutPing Replies OutPing Requests/InPing Replies

          10            10                  18            18

The output shows how many NetWare stations have pinged the MAX (InPing requests and replies) and how many times the IPXping command has been executed in the MAX (OutPing requests and replies).

### Displaying IPX packet statistics

To display IPX packet statistics, enter the Show Netware Stats command. For example:

    ascend% show netware stats

    27162 packets received.

    25392 packets forwarded.

    0 packets dropped exceeding maximum hop count.

    0 outbound packets with no route.

The MAX drops packets that exceed the maximum hop count (that have already passed through too many routers).

### Displaying the IPX service table

To display the IPX service table, enter the Show Netware Servers command. For example:

    ascend% show netware servers

    IPX address                     type              server name

    ee000001:000000000001:0040      0451              server-1

The output includes the following fields:

#### Field | #### Description
--- | ---
IPX address | IPX address of the server. The address uses this format: `network number`:`node number`:`socket number`
type | Type of service available (in hexadecimal format). For example, 0451 designates a file server
server name | The first 35 characters of the server name.

### Displaying the IPX routing table

To display the IPX routing table, enter the Show Netware Networks command:

    ascend% show netware networks

    network		next router		hops	ticks	origin

    CFFF0001		00000000000		0	1	Ethernet	S

The output includes the following fields:

#### Field | #### Descriptions
--- | ---
network | IPX network number.
next router | Address of the next router, or 0 (zero) for a direct or WAN connection.
hops | Hop count to the network.
ticks | Tick count to the network.
origin | Name of the profile used to reach the network.

Note: An S or an H flag might appear next to the origin. S indicates a static route. H indicates a hidden, or inactive, static route. Hidden static routes occur when the router learns of a better route.

Copyright © 1998, Ascend Communications, Inc. All rights reserved.