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4.2 `for` Statements

The `for` statement in Python differs a bit from what you may be used to in C or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an arithmetic progression of numbers (like in Pascal), or giving the user the ability to define both the iteration step and halting condition (as C), Python's `for` statement iterates over the items of any sequence (e.g., a list or a string), in the order that they appear in the sequence. For example (no pun intended):

      >>> # Measure some strings:
      ... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
      >>> for x in a:
      ...     print x, len(x)
      ...
      cat 3
      window 6
      defenestrate 12

It is not safe to modify the sequence being iterated over in the loop (this can only happen for mutable sequence types, i.e., lists). If you need to modify the list you are iterating over, e.g., duplicate selected items, you must iterate over a copy. The slice notation makes this particularly convenient:

      >>> for x in a[:]: # make a slice copy of the entire list
      ...    if len(x) > 6: a.insert(0, x)
      ...
      >>> a
      ['defenestrate', 'cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']