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This chapter covers the following topics:
Introduction
The MAX unit's VT100 interface provides a wide variety of features for monitoring and administering the unit's activities.
Activating administrative permissions
Before you can use the administrative commands and profiles, you must log in a superuser by activating a Security profile that has sufficient permissions (for example, the Full Access profile.) Proceed as follows:
00-300 Security
DO
>0=ESC
P=Password
The MAX prompts you for the Full Access password:
00-300 Security
Enter Password:
[]
Press > to accept
Ascend.
Message #119If the password you enter is incorrect, the MAX prompts you again for the password.
Password accepted.
Using new security level.
System administration parameters
Following are the VT100 system administration parameters (shown with sample settings):
System
Sys Config
Name=gateway-1
Location=east-bay
Contact=thf
Date=2/20/97
Time=10:00:29
Term Rate=9600
Console=Standard
Remote Mgmt=Yes
Parallel Dial=5
Single Answer=Yes
Auto Logout=No
Idle Logout=0
DS0 Min Rst=Off
Max DS0 Mins=N/A
High BER=10 ** -3
High BER Alarm=No
No Trunk Alarm=No
Edit=00-000
Status 1=10-100
Status 2=10-200
Status 3=90-100
Status 4=00-200
Status 5=90-300
Status 6=90-400
Status 7=20-100
Status 8=20-200
Ethernet
Mod Config
Log...
Syslog=Yes
Log Host=10.65.212.12
Log Port=514
Log Facility=Local0
The Console parameter lets you change the configuration interface, for example, (from Standard to MIF, for example, if you set it to MIF, the Machine Interface Format interface comes up when you power up the MAX.
Limited brings up simplified menus for operation with the serial host ports (but not for bridging and routing). For details, see Appendix D, Machine Interface Format (MIF). Also verify that the data rate of your terminal-emulation program is set to 9600 bps or lower.
The Single Answer parameter specifies whether the MAX completes the answering and routing of one call before answering and routing the next call.
The DS0 Min Rst parameter specifies when the MAX should reset accumulated DS0 minutes to 0 (zero). You can also use this parameter to specify that the MAX should disable the timer altogether.
The Max DS0 Mins parameter specifies the maximum number of DS0 minutes a call can be online. When the usage exceeds the maximum specified by the Max DS0 Mins parameter, the MAX cannot place any more calls, and it takes any existing calls offline.
The High BER Alarm parameter specifies whether the back-panel alarm relay closes when the bit-error rate exceeds the value specified by the High BER parameter.
System
Sys Config
Name=gateway-1
Location=east-bay
Contact=thf
Date=2/20/97
Time=10:00:29
Term Rate=9600
Terminal-server command-line interface
The terminal-server command-line interface can provide commands for monitoring networks, initiating sessions, and administering the system. Accessing the interface
You can start a terminal-server command-line session if you have administrative privileges. (For more information, see Activating administrative permissions). You can start a session using one of the following methods:
E=Termsrv.
Esc [ Esc 0
** Ascend Terminal Server **
ascend%
Displaying terminal-server commands
To display the list of terminal-server commands, enter a question mark:
ascend% ?or the Help command:
ascend% helpThe system responds by listing the terminal-server commands, with brief explanations:
Returning to the VT100 menus
The following commands close the terminal-server command-line interface and return the cursor to the VT100 menus:
quit Closes terminal server session
hangup Closes terminal server session
local Go to local mode
For example:
ascend% quitWhen a dial-in user enters the Local command, a Telnet session begins.
iproute Manage IP routes. Type 'iproute ?' for helpFor details about each of the commands, see Chapter 5, Network Administration.
ping ping <host-name>
ipxping ipxping <host-name>
traceroute Trace route to host. Type 'traceroute -?' for help
Commands for use by terminal-server users
The following commands must be enabled for use in Ethernet > Mod Config > TServ Options. If they are enabled, login users can initiate a session by invoking the commands in the terminal- server interface.
slip SLIP commandThese commands initiate a session with a host or modem, or toggle to a different interface that displays a menu selection of Telnet hosts.
cslip Compressed SLIP command
ppp PPP command
menu Host menu interface
telnet telnet [ -a|-b|-t ] <host-name> [ <port-number> ]
rlogin rlogin [ -l user -ec ] <host-name> [ -l user ]
tcptcp <hostname> <port-number>open open < modem-number | slot:modem-on-slot >
resume resume virtual connect session
close close virtual connect session
Up to 16 lines of up to 80 characters each
will be accepted. Long lines will be truncated.
Additional lines will be ignored
1. host1.abc.com
2. host2.abc.com
3. host3.abc.com
4. host4.abc.com
Enter Selection (1-4, q)
This menu was configured in the Tserv Options menu by setting the Host #N Addr and Host #N Text parameters to specify the IP addresses and menu names, respectively, of the four hosts. For example, Host # 1 Addr specifies the IP address of Host1, and Host #1 Text is set to
host.abc.com. To return to the command-line, press 0. Terminal server security must be set up to allow the operator to toggle between the command line and menu mode, or the Menu command has no effect. Enable this function by setting the Toggle Scrn parameter (Ethernet > Mod Config > Tserv Options) to Yes. (For more information on this parameter, see the MAX Reference Guide.)
rawTcp host portnumber
rawTcp is the required string that causes the MAX to establish a raw TCP connection when the user chooses this host number. This entry is case-sensitive and must be entered exactly as shown.host can be the DNS name of the host or the IP address of the host. The total number of characters, including all three strings and the delimiting spaces, must not exceed 31.
portnumber is the number of the port on which the connection for this host is to be established.
Example of configuration combining Telnet hosts and raw TCP hosts
Suppose you specify the following values in the TServ Options menu:
Remote Conf=NoIf you then execute the Menu command, the following menu appears:
Host #1 Addr=10.10.10.1
Host #1 Text=Cleveland
Host #2 Addr=
Host #2 Text=
Host #3 Addr=
Host #3 Text=
Host #4 Addr=rawTcp corp-host 7
Host #4 Text=The Office - port 7
Immed Service=None
Immed Host=N/A
Immed Port=N/A
Telnet Host Auth=No
** Ascend Pipeline Terminal Server **If you select 2, the MAX establishes raw a CP connection on port 7 to the host named
1. Cleveland
2. The Office - port 7
Enter Selection (1-2,q)
corp-host.If a you select 1, the MAX establishes a Telnet connection on port 23, the default Telnet port, to the host address 10.10.10.1.
where telnet [-a|-b|-t] hostname [port-number]
-a | -b | -t are optional arguments specifying ASCII, Binary, or Transparent mode, respectively. If one of the arguments is entered, it overrides the setting of the Telnet Mode parameter.
hostname can be the remote system's DNS name if you have configured DNS. If you have not, you must specify the IP address of the remote system.
port-number is an optional argument specifying the port to use for the session. The default is 23, which is the port number of the well-known port for Telnet.
myhost, you can open a telnet session with that host as follows:
ascend% telnet myhostIf you do not configure DNS, you must specify the host's IP address instead. There are also several options in the Ethernet > Mod Config > TServ Options subprofile that affect Telnet; for example, if you set Def Telnet to Yes, you can just type a hostname to open a Telnet session with that host:
ascend% myhostAnother way to open a session is to invoke Telnet first, then enter the Open command at the Telnet prompt. For example:
ascend% telnetWhen your screen displays the
telnet> open myhost
telnet> prompt, you can enter any of the Telnet commands described in Telnet session commands. You can quit the Telnet session at any time by entering the Quit command at the Telnet prompt:
telnet> quit
telnet> prompt and
the Telnet command-line interface. Any valid Telnet command returns you to the open session.
Note that Ctrl-] does not function in binary mode Telnet. If you log into the MAX by Telnet,
you might want to change the escape sequence from Ctrl-] to a different setting.
Telnet session commands
The commands in this section can be entered at the Telnet prompt during an open session. To display the Telnet prompt while logged in to a host, press Ctrl-] (hold down the Control key and type a right bracket). To display information about Telnet session commands, use the Help or ? command. For example:
telnet> ?To open a Telnet connection after invoking Telnet, use the Open command. For example:
telnet> open myhostTo send standard Telnet commands such as Are You There or Suspend Process, use the Send command. For example:
telnet> send suspFor a list of Send commands and their syntax, enter the Send command with a question mark:
telnet> send ?To specify special characters for use during the Telnet session, use the Set command. For example:
telnet> set eof ^DTo display current settings, enter the Set All command:
telnet> set allTo display a list of Set commands, enter the Set command with a question mark:
telnet> set ?To quit the Telnet session and close the connection, enter the Close or Quit command. For example:
telnet> close
no connection: host reset-The destination host reset the connection.
no connection: host unreachable-The destination host is unreachable.
no connection: net unreachable-The destination network is unreachable.
Unit busy. Try again later.-The host already has open the maximum number of concurrent Telnet sessions.
rlogin [-echar] hostname [-1username]
where:
rlogin -e$ 10.2.3.4
-lusername specifies that you log into the remote host as username, rather than as the name with which you logged into the terminal server. (If you logged in through RADIUS or TACACS, you must be prompted for this option.) If you can specify this option on the command line, you can enter it either before or after the hostname argument. For example, the following two lines perform identical functions:
To terminate the remote login, choose the Exit command at the remote system's prompt. Or, you can press the Enter key, then type the escape character followed by a period.rlogin -l jim 10.2.3.4
rlogin 10.2.3.4 -l jim
<CR><ESC-CHAR><PERIOD>For example, to terminate a remote login that was initiated with the default escape character (a tilde), press the Enter key, then the ~ key, then the . key.
~.
tcp hostname [port-number]where:
connected. You can then use the TCP session to transport data by running an application on top of TCP. You can hang up the device at either end to terminate the raw TCP session. If you are using a remote terminal-server session, ending the connection also terminates raw TCP.If a raw TCP connection fails, the MAX returns one of the following error messages:
Cannot open session: hostname port-number-You entered an invalid or unknown value for hostname, you entered an invalid value for port-number, or a port number was required and you failed to enter it.
no connection: host reset- The destination host reset the connection.
no connection: host unreachable- The destination host is unreachable.
no connection: net unreachable- The destination network is unreachable.
open [modem number | slot:modemOnSlot]For example:
ascend% open 7:1If you are unsure which slot or item number to specify, the Show Modems command displays the possible choices. If you enter the Open command without specifying any of the optional arguments, the MAX opens a virtual connection to the first available modem.
Once you have connected to the modem, you can issue AT commands to the modem and receive responses from it.
You can temporarily suspend a virtual connection by pressing Ctrl-C three times. This control sequence causes the MAX to display the terminal-server interface again. To resume a virtual connection suspended with Ctrl-C, can enter the Resume command at the terminal-server prompt:
ascend% resume
To terminate a virtual connection, enter the Close command at the terminal-server prompt:
ascend% close
|
test
|
test <number> frame-count> ] [ <optional fields> ]
|
|
remote
|
remote <station>
|
|
set
|
Set various items. Type 'set ?' for help
|
|
show
|
Show various tables. Type 'show ?' for help
|
|
kill
|
terminate session
|
test phonenumber
[frame-count] [optional fields]where phonenumber is the phone number of the channel receiving the test call. This can include the numbers 0 through 9 and the characters
()[]-, but cannot include spaces. [frame-count] The optional frame-count argument is a number from 1 to 65535 specifying the number of frames to send during the test. The default is 100. The optional fields are the following:
data-svc=data-svc]
call-by-call=T1-PRI-service]
primary-number-type=AT&T-switch]
transit-number=IEC]
ascend% test 555-1212
You can press Ctrl-C at any time to terminate the test. While the test is running, the MAX displays the status. For example:
calling...answering...testing...endIf you enable trunk groups on the MAX, you can specify the outgoing lines to be used in the self-test. If you do not, the MAX uses the first available T1 (or E1) line. For example, if you assign trunk group 7 to line 1 on a Net/BRI module, and your PBX requires a preceding 9 is for an outgoing call, the following command places the outgoing call on line 1 of the Net/BRI module:
200 packets sent, 200 packets received
ascend% test 7-9-555-1212
The MAX generates an error message for any condition that causes the test to terminate before sending the full number of packets. The following error messages can appear:
remote stationFor example:
ascend% remote lab17gwDuring the remote management session, the user interface of the remote device replaces your local user interface, as if you had opened a Telnet connection to the device. You can enter Ctrl-\ at any time to terminate the Remote session. Note that either end of an MP+ link can terminate the session by hanging up all channels of the connection.
The argument to the Remote command is the name of the remote station. It must match the value of a Station parameter in a Connection profile that allows outgoing MP+ calls, or the
user-id at the start of a RADIUS profile set up for outgoing calls.
At the beginning of a remote management session, you have privileges set by the default Security profile at the remote end of the connection. To activate administrative privileges on the remote station, activate the appropriate remote Security profile by using the DO Password command (as described in Activating administrative permissions).
Set
The Set command takes several arguments. To display them, enter the Set command with a question mark:
ascend% set ?
set ? Display help informationThe Set All command displays current settings. For example:
set all Display current settings
set term Sets the telnet/rlogin terminal type
set password Enable dynamic password serving
set fr Frame Relay datalink control
set circuit Frame Relay Circuit control
ascend% set all
term = vt100To specify a terminal type other than VT100, use the Set Term command.
dynamic password serving = disabled
The Set Password command puts the terminal server in password mode, in which a third-party ACE or SAFEWORD server at a secure site can display password challenges dynamically in the terminal-server interface. When the terminal server is in password mode, it passively waits for password challenges from a remote ACE or SAFEWORD server. The Set Password command applies only when using security card authentication. Enter the command as follows:
ascend% set password
Entering Password Mode...To return to normal terminal-server operations and thereby disable password mode, press Ctrl-C.
[^C to exit] Password Mode>
Note that each channel of a connection to a secure site requires a separate password challenge, so for multichannel connections to a secure site, you must leave the terminal server in password mode until all channels have been established. The APP Server utility provides an alternative way to allow users to respond to dynamic password challenges obtained from hand-held security cards. For details about dynamic password serving, see the MAX Security Supplement.
The Set FR commands enable you to bring down the nailed connection specified in the named Frame Relay profile. The connection reestablished within a few seconds. The Set Circuit commands let you activate or deactivate a Frame Relay circuit. For details, see the Network Configuration Guide for your MAX.
ascend% show ?
Show commands related to network information
The following Show commands are related to monitoring protocols and other network-specific information and are discussed in Chapter 5, Network Administration:
show arp
show icmp
show if
show ip
show udp
show igmp
show mrouting
show ospf
show tcp
show dnstab
show netware
show fr
show pools
show pad
show x25
show isdn line-numberwhere line-number is the number of the ISDN line. (For details about how lines are numbered, see the Network Configuration Guide for your MAX.) For example, to display information about the leftmost built-in WAN port, you would enter the following command:
ascend% show isdn 0The MAX responds with one or more of the following messages:
PH: ACTIVATEDIn some cases, the message can include a phone number (prefixed by #), a data service (suffixed by K for Kbps), a channel number, TEI assignment, and cause code. For example, the following information might appear:
PH: DEACTIVATED
DL: TEI ASSIGNED (BRI interfaces only)
DL: TEI REMOVED (BRI interfaces only)
NL: CALL REQUEST
NL: CLEAR REQUEST
NL: ANSWER REQUEST
NL: CALL CONNECTED
NL: CALL FAILED/T303 EXPIRY
NL: CALL CLEARED/L1 CHANGE
NL: CALL REJECTED/OTHER DEST
NL: CALL REJECTED/BAD CALL REF
NL: CALL REJECTED/NO VOICE CALLS
NL: CALL REJECTED/INVALID CONTENTS
NL: CALL REJECTED/BAD CHANNEL ID
NL: CALL FAILED/BAD PROGRESS IE
NL: CALL CLEARED WITH CAUSE
PH: ACTIVATEDFor information about each of the messages that can appear, see the CCITTT Blue Book Q.931 or other ISDN specifications.
NL: CALL REQUEST: 64K, #442
NL: CALL CONNECTED: B2, #442
NL: CLEAR REQUEST: B1
NL: CALL CLEARED WITH CAUSE 16 B1 #442
ascend% show modems
slot:item modem statusFor 8-MOD and 12-MOD K56Flex modem slot cards, the numbering is not sequential, but the numbering does not affect functionality. For example, if you have an 8-MOD modem card in slot 8 in a MAX, the Show Modems command in the terminal- server displays the following output:
8:1 1 online
8:2 2 online
8:3 3 online
8:4 4 idle
8:5 5 idle
8:6 6 idle
8:7 7 idle
8:8 8 idle
ascend% show modems
slot:item modem statusAs another example, if you have a 12-MOD modem card in slot 8 in a MAX, the Show Modems command in the terminal-server displays the following output:
8:0 1 idle
8:1 2 idle
8:2 3 idle
8:3 4 idle
8:6 5 idle
8:7 6 idle
8:10 7 idle
8:11 8 idle
ascend% show modems
slot:item modem statusFollowing are descriptions of the output contains these fields:
8:0 1 idle
8:1 2 idle
8:2 3 idle
8:3 4 idle
8:4 5 idle
8:5 6 idle
8:6 7 idle
8:7 8 idle
8:8 9 idle
8:9 10 idle
8:12 11 idle
8:13 12 idle
Field |
Description |
|---|---|
|
slot item
|
The slot and port number of the modem. For example, 8:1 indicates the first port on the digital modem card installed in slot 8.
|
|
modem
|
The SNMP interface number of each modem.
|
|
status
|
Modem status, which can be one of the following strings:
|
Show Calls
The Show Calls command displays information about active calls on a German 1TR6 or Japanese NTT switch type. For example:
ascend% show calls
Call ID Called Party ID Calling Party ID InOctets OutOctets
3 5104563434 4191234567 0 0The output includes the following fields:
4 4197654321 5108888888 888888 99999
Show Uptime
To see how long the MAX has been running, enter the Show Uptime command. For example:
ascend% show uptime
system uptime: up 2 days, 4 hours, 38 minutes, 43 secondsIf the MAX stays up for 1000 consecutive days with no power cycles, the number of days displayed resets to 0 and begins to increment again.
ascend% show revision
techpubs-lab-17 system revision: ebiom.m40 5.0A
ascend% show v.110s
slot:item v.110s statusThe output includes the following fields:
4:1 1 in use
4:2 2 in use
4:3 3 in use
4:4 4 open issued
4:5 5 carrier detected
4:6 6 session closed
4:7 7 idle
4:8 8 in use
Field |
Description |
|---|---|
|
slot item
|
The slot and port number of the V.110 port. For example, 8:1 indicates the first port on the V.110 card installed in slot 8.
|
|
v.110s
|
The SNMP interface number of each V.110 card.
|
|
status
|
V.110 port status, which can be one of the following strings:
|
Show Users
To display the number of active sessions, enter the Show Users command. For example:
ascend% show users
I Session Line: Slot: Tx Rx Service Host UserThe output includes the following fields:
O ID Chan Port Data Rate Type[mpID] Address Name
O 231849873 1:1 9:1 56K 56K MPP[1] 10.10.68.2 jdoe
I 231849874 1:3 3:1 28800 33600 Termsrv N/A Modem 3:1
O 214933581 1:2 9:2 56K 56K MPP[1] 10.10.4.9 arwp50
O 214933582 1:6 9:3 56K 56K MPP[1] MPP Bundle arwp50
Kill
The Kill command enables you to disconnect a user who establishes a Telnet connection to the MAX. You can disconnect the user by specifying the session ID. The resulting disconnect code is identical to the RADIUS disconnect code, allowing you to track all administrative disconnects. To terminate a Telnet session, enter the command as follows:
kill session IDwhere session ID is the session ID as displayed by the Show Users command described in the preceding section. The reported disconnect cause is DIS_LOCAL_ADMIN. The active Security profile must have Edit All Calls set to Yes. If Edit All Calls=No, the following message appears when you enter the Kill command:
Insufficient security level for that operation.When the session is properly terminated, a message similar to the following appears:
Session 216747095 killed.When the session is not terminated, a caution similar to the following appears:
Unable to kill session 216747095.
ascend% show dnis session
GLOBAL MODEM HDLC V110In the output:
DNIS# Used/Max Used/Max Used/Max Used/Max
0. Unspecified 0/999 0/1 0/0 0/0
1. 68149 0/123 0/456 0/1 0/0
2. 8867764 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1
3. 45566778800 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
4. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
5. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
6. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
7. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
8. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
9. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
10. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
11. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
12. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
13. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
14. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
15. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
16. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
DNIS#-Displays the last eleven digits of the DNIS number.
Used-Specifies the number of active sessions to the specified DNIS number.
Max-Specifies the value specified in the Ethernet > Mod Config > DNIS options submenu.
Show DNIS Sessions command, the MAX displays the following message:
DNIS Inactive
ascend% show dnis statistics
GLOBAL MODEM HDLC V110In the output:
DNIS# Tot/Accept Tot/Accept Tot/Accept Tot/Accept
0. Unspecified 10/9 0/0 0/0 0/0
1. 68149 0/0 8/8 4/4 0/0
2. 8867764 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
3. 45566778800 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
4. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
5. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
6. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
7. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
8. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
9. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
10. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
11. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
12. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
13. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
14. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
15. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
16. 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
DNIS#-Displays the last eleven digits of the DNIS number.
Tot-Specifies the total number of calls received to the specified DNIS number.
Accept-Specifies the total number of calls accepted to the specified DNSI number.
DNIS Inactive
Clearing all DNIS Statistics...
Copyright © 1998, Ascend Communications, Inc. All rights reserved.